The Standard 10Base-T describes how Ethernet networks are set up using copper cables. It was developed to replace older coaxial networks with a star-shaped structure. In this structure, all devices are connected to a central device (e.g. hub or switch) via individual cables.
With 10Base-T Two twisted wire pairs (twisted pair) is used:
- A pair for Send from data
- A pair for Receive from data
This separation ensures that data streams do not interfere with each other and a more stable transmission is possible.
The most important features of 10Base-T:
- Transmission speed: maximum 10 Mbit/s
- Maximum cable length per connection: 100 m between end device and hub/switch
- Cabling: mostly category 3 or better (twisted pair, RJ-45 plug)
- Topology: Star (each device has its own line to the distributor)
Even though 10Base-T has been replaced by faster standards such as 100Base-T (Fast Ethernet) or 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet), it is still a fundamental standard for Ethernet networks and offers a simple, robust and cost-effective way of connecting devices.
Here is a Clear comparison table for the three standards:
| Feature | 10Base-T | 100Base-TX | 1000Base-T |
|---|---|---|---|
| IEEE standard | IEEE 802.3 (Clause 14) | IEEE 802.3u | IEEE 802.3 (Clause 40) |
| Designation | Ethernet | Fast Ethernet | Gigabit Ethernet |
| Max. transmission rate | 10 Mbit/s | 100 Mbit/s | 1 Gbit/s |
| Cabling | Twisted pair, Cat3 or better | Twisted pair, Cat5 or better | Twisted pair, Cat5e or better |
| Used wire pairs | 2 pairs (1x transmit, 1x receive) | 2 pairs (1x transmit, 1x receive) | 4 pairs (transmit + receive simultaneously) |
| Max. Segment length | 100 m | 100 m | 100 m |
| Topology | Star (hub/switch as center) | Star (switch as center) | Star (switch as center) |
| Downwards compatible | - | to 10Base-T | to 10Base-T and 100Base-TX |
| Typical use | Small, simple networks | Faster office/industry networks | Today's standard in the office & home network |